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Abstraction in Artificial Intelligence and Complex Systems / by Lorenza Saitta, Jean-Daniel Zucker
Mitwirkende(r): Resource type: Ressourcentyp: Buch (Online)Buch (Online)Sprache: Englisch Reihen: SpringerLink BücherVerlag: New York, NY : Springer New York, 2013Beschreibung: Online-Ressource (XVI, 484 p. 202 illus., 95 illus. in color, digital)ISBN:- 9781461470526
- 006.3
- Q334-342 TJ210.2-211.495
- Q334-342
- TJ210.2-211.495
Inhalte:
Zusammenfassung: Abstraction is a fundamental mechanism underlying both human and artificial perception, representation of knowledge, reasoning and learning. This mechanism plays a crucial role in many disciplines, notably Computer Programming, Natural and Artificial Vision, Complex Systems, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Art, and Cognitive Sciences. This book first provides the reader with an overview of the notions of abstraction proposed in various disciplines by comparing both commonalities and differences. After discussing the characterizing properties of abstraction, a formal model, the KPPN: PPN: 1652497005Package identifier: Produktsigel: ZDB-2-SCS
Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Summary; 2 Abstraction in Different Disciplines; 2.1 Philosophy; 2.2 Natural Language; 2.3 Mathematics; 2.4 Computer Science; 2.5 Art (Mostly Peinture); 2.6 Cognition; 2.7 Vision; 2.8 Summary; 3 Abstraction in Artificial Intelligence; 3.1 Theoretical Approaches; 3.2 Abstraction in Planning; 3.3 Abstraction in Constraint Satisfaction Problems; 3.4 Abstraction in Knowledge Representation; 3.5 Abstraction in Agent-Based Modeling; 3.6 Summary; 4 Definitions of Abstraction; 4.1 Giunchiglia and Walsh' Theory; 4.2 Abstraction in Philosophy
4.2.1 Wright and Hale's Abstraction Principles4.2.2 Floridi's Levels of Abstraction; 4.3 Abstraction in Computer Science; 4.4 Abstraction in Databases; 4.4.1 Miles Smith and Smith's Approach; 4.4.2 Goldstein and Storey's Approach; 4.4.3 Cross' Approach; 4.5 Granularity; 4.5.1 Hobbs' Approach; 4.5.2 Imielinski's Approach; 4.5.3 Fuzzy Sets; 4.5.4 Rough Sets; 4.6 Syntactic Theories of Abstraction; 4.6.1 Plaisted's Theory of Abstraction; 4.6.2 Tenenberg's Theory; 4.6.3 De Saeger and Shimojima's Theory; 4.7 Semantic Theories of Abstraction; 4.7.1 Nayak and Levy's Theory
4.7.2 Ghidini and Giunchiglia's Theory4.8 Reformulation; 4.8.1 Lowry's Theory; 4.8.2 Choueiry et al.'s Approach; 4.8.3 Subramanian's Approach; 4.9 Summary; 5 Boundaries of Abstraction; 5.1 Characteristic Aspects of Abstraction; 5.1.1 Abstraction as Information Reduction; 5.1.2 Abstraction as an Intensional Property; 5.1.3 Abstraction as a Relative Notion; 5.1.4 Abstraction as a Process; 5.1.5 Abstraction as Information Hiding; 5.2 Boundaries of Abstraction; 5.2.1 Abstraction and Generalization/Categorization; 5.2.2 Abstraction, Approximation, and Reformulation; 5.3 Summary; 6 The KRA Model
6.1 Query Environment, Description Frame, and Configuration Space6.2 Query Environment; 6.3 Data Generation; 6.4 The KRA Model of Abstraction; 6.5 Summary; 7 Abstraction Operators and Design Patterns; 7.1 A Classification of Abstraction Operators; 7.2 Hiding Operators; 7.2.1 Hiding Element Operators; 7.2.2 Hiding Value Operators; 7.2.3 Hiding Argument Operators; 7.3 Building Equivalence Classes Operators; 7.3.1 Operators Building Equivalence Classes of Elements; 7.3.2 Operators Building Equivalence Classes of Values; 7.3.3 Operators Building Equivalence Classes of Arguments
7.4 Hierarchy Generating Operators7.4.1 Operator that Builds a Hierarchy of Types: ωhiertype; 7.4.2 Operator that Builds a Hierarchy of Attribute Values: ωhierattrval; 7.5 Composition Operators; 7.5.1 Operator that Builds a Collective Object: ωcoll; 7.5.2 Operator that Aggregates Objects/Types: ωaggr; 7.5.3 Operator that Builds up a Group of Objects: ωgroup; 7.5.4 Operator that Constructs a New Description Element: ωconstr; 7.6 Approximation Operators; 7.6.1 Replacement Operator: ρrepl; 7.6.2 Identification Operator; 7.7 Reformulation; 7.8 Overview of Operators; 7.9 Abstraction Processes
7.10 Applying Abstraction: The Method
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