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Accurate Calibration of Raman Systems : At the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment / by Magnus Schlösser
Resource type: Ressourcentyp: Buch (Online)Book (Online)Language: English Series: Springer Theses, Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research | SpringerLink BücherPublisher: Cham ; Heidelberg ; New York ; Dordrecht ; London : Springer, 2014Description: Online-Ressource (XII, 225 p. 77 illus., 18 illus. in color, online resource)ISBN:- 9783319062211
- 539.72
- QC793-793.5 QC174.45-174.52
- QC793-793.5
- QC174.45-174.52
Contents:
Summary: Neutrinos can arguably be labeled as the most fascinating elementary particles known as their small but non-zero rest mass points to new mass generating mechanisms beyond the Standard Model, and also assigns primordial neutrinos from the Big Bang a distinct role in shaping the evolution of large-scale structures in the universe. The open question of the absolute neutrino mass scale will be addressed by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, currently under construction. This thesis reports major contributions to developing and implementing new laser-spectroscopic precision tools to continuously monitor the isotope content of the windowless gaseous tritium source of KATRIN. The method of choice, Raman spectroscopy, is ideally suited for in-situ monitoring of all six hydrogen isotopologues. In a series of beautiful experiments the author obtained two independent novel calibration methods, first based on a comparison of experimental Raman depolarization ratios with corresponding quantum-chemical calculations, and second on a gas sampling technique. Both methods yield consistent cross-calibration results and, as well as yielding improvements in precision, will be of major importance in reducing systematic effects in long-term neutrino mass measurements. The methods developed in this thesis also have great potential to further broaden the applications of Raman spectroscopy to study extended sources such as in atmospheric physics.PPN: PPN: 1657962504Package identifier: Produktsigel: ZDB-2-PHA
Supervisors' Foreword; Abstract; Contents; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Discovery of the Neutrino; 1.2 Neutrino Oscillations; 1.3 Role of Massive Neutrinos; 1.3.1 Particle Physics; 1.3.2 Cosmology; 1.4 Measurement of the Neutrino Mass; 1.4.1 Indirect Methods; 1.4.2 Direct Methods; References; 2 The KATRIN Experiment; 2.1 Tritium -decay Experiments; 2.1.1 Tritium β-decay and the Neutrino Mass; 2.1.2 The MAC-E-Filter Measurement Principle; 2.1.3 Results of Previous Neutrino Mass Experiments at Mainz and Troitsk; 2.2 The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment; 2.2.1 Projected Sensitivity on Neutrino Mass
2.2.2 Experimental Overview2.3 Properties of the WGTS; 2.3.1 Column Density; 2.3.2 Isotopologue Composition; 2.4 Accuracy Requirements for the Monitoring of the Source Gas Composition; References; 3 Theory of Quantitative Raman Spectroscopy; 3.1 Introduction to Raman Spectroscopy; 3.1.1 Rotational and Vibrational States in Diatomic Molecules; 3.1.2 Basic Principles of the Raman Effect; 3.1.3 Description of Raman Intensities; 3.2 Raman Spectroscopy on Hydrogen Isotopologues; 3.2.1 Pre-Requisites of the Experimental Systems; 3.2.2 Theoretical Values for the Polarizability
3.2.3 Previous Raman Studies on All Hydrogen Isotopologues Including Tritium3.3 Calibration for Quantitative Analysis; 3.3.1 Possible Methods; 3.3.2 Calibration Strategy for the KATRIN LARA System; References; 4 Experimental Setup; 4.1 Raman System Hardware; 4.1.1 Overview of the Scheme of Raman Measurements; 4.1.2 Raman Systems at the TLK; 4.1.3 Components of the Raman Systems; 4.2 Spectrum Acquisition, Processing and Analysis; 4.2.1 Data Acquisition; 4.2.2 Data Processing; 4.3 Analysis of Actual System Performance; References
5 Calibration Based on Theoretical Intensities and Spectral Sensitivity (Method I)5.1 Motivation and Overview; 5.2 Calculation of Theoretical Intensities; 5.3 Verification of Theoretical Intensities via Depolarization Measurements; 5.3.1 Definition of the Depolarization Ratio; 5.3.2 Model of Depolarization Ratios as Observed in the Experiment; 5.3.3 Routine for Correcting Observed Depolarization Ratios; 5.3.4 Measurement of Depolarization Ratios of All Six Hydrogen Isotopologues; 5.4 Measurement of the System's Spectral Sensitivity
5.4.1 Requirements for the Determination of the Spectral Sensitivity5.4.2 Possible Calibration Sources for the Measurement of the Spectral Sensitivity; 5.4.3 NIST-traceable Luminescence Standard SRM 2242; 5.4.4 Resulting Spectral Sensitivity and Discussion; 5.5 Discussion of the Calibration Results; 5.6 Conclusions; References; 6 Calibration Based on Accurate Gas Samples (Method II); 6.1 Motivation and Overview; 6.1.1 Content of Chapter; 6.2 Calibration Method; 6.3 Experimental Setup of the Hydrogen Deuterium Equilibration Loop; 6.4 Measurements; 6.4.1 Preparations and Pre-Measurements
6.4.2 Calibration Measurements
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