Modern land drainage : planning, design and management of agricultural drainage systems / Lambert K. Smedema, Willem F. Vlotman, David W. Rycroft

By:

Smedema, Lambert K [VerfasserIn]

Contributor(s):

Resource type: Ressourcentyp: Buch (Online)Book (Online)Language: English Publisher: Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020Edition: Second editionDescription: 1 Online-Ressource : illustrationsISBN:

9781000042207

Uniform titles:

Land drainage

Subject(s):

Additional physical formats: 9781000042269. | 100004226X. | 1000042200. | 9781000042238. | 1000042235. | 9781003025900. | 1003025900. | 9780367458775 | 9780367458669 | Erscheint auch als: 9780367458775 Druck-AusgabeDDC classification:

631.62

LOC classification:

TC970

Online resources:

Zugang im Netz des KIT

Summary: Modern Land Drainage 2nd edition is a fully revised and updated edition of the 2004 edition. Modern Land Drainage describes traditional drainage formulas (Hooghoudt, Kirkham, Donnan, Ernst, Glover-Dumm) for rainfed agriculture in the humid temperature zone. Significant parts are devoted to drainage for salinity control of irrigated land in (semi-) arid zones, and to drainage of rice land in the humid tropics. Institutional, management and maintenance aspects are extensively covered, as well as the mitigation of adverse impacts of drainage interventions on the environment. The latest computer applications for drainage design in the context of integrated water management are described (DRAINMOD, HEC, SWAP, etc.). Field surveys are executed by governments, with the aid of consultants, but rarely are the end stakeholders (i.e., farmers and general public) involved from inception to planning to execution of a drainage system. Yet, during the Operation, Management and Maintenance (OMM) phase of a water management system, they are expected to takeover, run, bear and be responsible for the costs of OMM. The book describes successful methodologies and processes to be followed for engagement of stakeholders at all levels, from government to farm, from minister to farmer, and, from beginning to end. The book covers all aspects needed for sustainable drainage. The latest survey methodologies with satellites and drones are suggested to assess cause and effect. Waterlogging and salinity are the effect of something caused most likely upstream of the drainage problem location. Hence treating the cause may be more cost-effective. Triple Bottom Line (social, environmental and financial considerations) and the water-food-energy nexus are an integral part of the drainage design process. Controlled drainage, i.e. the balance of removal and conservation of drainage water and minimising solute transport as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA principle) is extensively described. This work is intended for use both as a university level textbook and as a professional handbook; it is of particular value to professionals engaged in drainage development in the context of integrated water resources and river basin management, civil and agricultural engineers, government officials, university students and librariesSummary: PART I INTRODUCTION 1 LAND DRAINAGE FOR AGRICULTURE 1.1 Drainage Objectives; Scope of the Book 1.2 Global Drainage Zones1.2.1 Temperate zone 1.2.2 Arid and semiarid zone 1.2.3 Humid and semi-humid zone 1.3 Agro-Hydrological Regimes1.4 Waterlogging Control 1.4.1 Positive and adverse impacts 1.4.2 Responses to improved drainage 1.5 Salinity Control 1.6 Drainage Systems 1.7 Bio-Drainage 1.8 Environmental Impacts 1.8.1 Stream flow regimes1.8.2 Water quality1.8.3 Wetlands and conservation drainage1.8.4 Public health 1.9 Drainage Development Considerations 2 PLANNING AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 2.1 Design rainfall 2.2 Percolation of excess irrigation water 2.3 Design of field drainage systems 2.4 Determination of design criteria 3 REMOTE SENSING AND FIELD RECONNAISSANCE 3.1 Need for drainage and problem diagnosis 3.2 Remote sensing and aerial survey 3.3 Field investigations 3.4 Planning stakeholder engagement 3.5 Stages of project preparation 3.6 Operation, management and maintenance 4 ASSESSMENT OF COSTS 4.1 Required Information 4.2 Discounting 4.3 Evaluation Indices 4.4 Cost Evaluation of Open and Pipe Drainage Systems incl. O&M 4.5 Cost Calculations for Pipe Drainage Systems 4.5.1 Cost structure for pipe drainage construction 4.5.2 Guidelines for cost calculations 4.5.3 Example cost calculation PART II INVESTIGATIONS 5 CLIMATE, LAND, SOIL AND ENVIRONMENT 5.1 Climate 5.1.1 Climate; soil moisture balance calculations 5.1.2 Climate: rainfall depth-duration-frequency studies 5.2 Topography 5.3 Soil and Land Conditions 5.4 Soil Parameters and Properties 5.4.1 Texture 5.4.2 Plasticity index 5.4.3 Bulk density and soil moisture content 5.4.4 Sample quantity and density 5.4.5 Data requirement for drain envelope design 5.5 Watertable and Groundwater 5.5.1 Watertable observation wells 5.5.2 Piezometric studies 5.5.3 Groundwater sampling 5.6 Hydrology and Geohydrology 5.6.1 Runoff and flooding 5.6.2 Outlet conditions 5.6.3 Geohydrological conditions 5.7 Agriculture and Irrigation 5.8 Pilot Areas and Field Testing 5.8.1 Types of pilot areas 5.8.2 Analysis of results of pilot areas 5.8.3 Visual drainage need assessment 5.8.4 Statistical analysis 5.9 Environmental Impact 5.9.1 Environmental impact assessment 5.9.2 Miscellaneous investigations 6 WATER IN THE SOIL 6.1 Forms and Nature of Occurrence of Water in the Soil 6.2 Pressures in the Soil Water 6.3 Soil Moisture Characteristics 6.4 Soil Water Potential and Soil Water Movement 6.5 Unsaturated Zone; Soil Moisture Constants 6.6 Infiltration and Percolation 6.7 Groundwater Flow; Laplace Equation 7 HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY 7.1 Laboratory Measurement 7.2 Field Measurements below the Watertable 7.2.1 Augerhole method 7.2.2 Piezometer method 7.2.3 Drain outflow method 7.3 Field Measurements above the Watertable 7.3.1 Infiltrometer-method 7.3.2 Inverted augerhole method (Porchet method) 7.4 Composed K-Values 7.5 Surveys and Data Processing PART III SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY 8 SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS 8.1 Pipe Drain Systems 8.2 Deep Ditch Systems 8.3 Drainpipes 8.4 Envelopes 8.4.1 Envelope need 8.4.2 Material selection 8.4.3 Envelope thickness 8.5 Envelope Design Guidelines and Criteria 8.5.1 Granular envelopes 8.5.2 Organic envelopes 8.5.3 Synthetic envelopes 8.6 Structures in Pipe Drain Systems 8.6.1 Surface water inlets 8.6.2 Inspection, junctions and control 8.6.3 Crossings 8.6.4 Outlet of a pipe drain into a ditch or canal 8.6.5 Sump outlet 8.7 Construction of Pipe Drain Systems 8.7.1 Setting out, depth and grade control 8.7.2 Installation methods and machinery 8.7.3 Construction and quality control 8.7.4 Timing of installation 8.7.5 Installation below the watertable 8.7.6 Backfill 9 SURFACE/SHALLOW DRAINAGE SYSTEMS 9.1 Bedding Systems 9.2 Shallow Ditch Systems 9.2.1 Types of shallow ditch systems 9.2.2 Some technical aspects of shallow ditch systems 9.3 Mole Drainage Systems 9.4 Pipe Drainage Systems 9.5 Complementary Measures 9.5.1 Sub-soiling 9.5.2 Deep ploughing 9.5.3 Chemical amendments and organic matter 9.5.4 Land levelling 10 MAIN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS 10.1 Main Features 10.1.1 Drainage basin (watershed, catchment) 10.1.2 Types and alignment of drainage canals 10.1.3 Outlet and water levels 10.1.4 Outlet Structures 10.2 Lowland and Upland Drainage 10.2.1 Lowland polder 10.2.2 River polders 10.2.3 Upland discharges 10.2.4 Drainage of urban areas PART IV DESIGN 11 DESIGN OF PIPE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS 11.1 Flow Patterns 11.2 Drain Spacing Formulae 11.3 Hooghoudt Formula 11.3.1 Use of the Hooghoudt formula 11.3.2 Notes on the Hooghoudt formula 11.3.3 Drain spacing determination in anisotropic soils 11.4 Non-Steady State Drainage Formulae 11.4.1 Falling watertable (Glover-Dumm formula) 11.4.2 Fluctuating watertable (de Zeeuw and Hellinga formula) 11.5 Basic Design Criteria 11.5.1 Criteria for off-season drainage 11.5.2 Criteria for crop-season drainage 11.5.3 The impact of drain depth and drainable pore space 11.5.4 Drainage criteria determined by simulation 11.6 Drain Depth 11.7 Pipe Diameter 12 DESIGN DISCHARGES 12.1 Discharge Transformation 12.2 Design Considerations 12.3 Statistical Analysis of Observed Discharges 12.4 Flat basins 12.4.1 Subsurface drainage 12.4.2 Shallow drainage 12.4.3 Further guidance for flat basins 12.5 Sloping Basins 12.5.1 ROriginal version: Originalfassung: 2004PPN: PPN: 1755158459Package identifier: Produktsigel: BSZ-4-NLEBK-KAUB | ZDB-4-NLEBK

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2004