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Introduction to XAFS : A Practical Guide to X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy / Grant Bunker
Resource type: Ressourcentyp: Buch (Online)Buch (Online)Sprache: Englisch Verlag: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2010Beschreibung: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 268 Seiten)ISBN:- 9780511809194
- 1282652893
- 9780511769177
- 537.5/352 22
- QC482.S6
Inhalte:
Zusammenfassung: X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) is a powerful and versatile technique for studying structures of materials in chemistry, physics, biology and other fields. This textbook is a comprehensive, practical guide to carrying out and interpreting XAFS experiments. Assuming only undergraduate-level physics and mathematics, the textbook is ideally suited for graduate students in physics and chemistry starting XAFS-based research. It contains concise executable example programs in Mathematica 7. Supplementary material available at www.cambridge.org/9780521767750 includes Mathematica code from the book, related Mathematica programs, and worked data analysis examples. The textbook addresses experiment, theory, and data analysis, but is not tied to specific data analysis programs or philosophies. This makes it accessible to a broad audience in the sciences, and a useful guide for researchers entering the subject.PPN: PPN: 1653234725Package identifier: Produktsigel: ZDB-20-CTM | ZDB-20-CBO
Cover; Half-title; Title; Copyright; Contents; Preface; 1 Introduction; 1.1 What is XAFS?; ; ; 1.2 Physics of XAFS; ; 1.3 Synchrotron radiation; ; 1.4 Purpose of this book; ; 2 Basic physics of X-ray absorption and scattering; 2.1 X-rays; ; ; 2.2 The structure of atoms; ; 2.3 Atomic units; ; 2.4 Types of interactions; ; 2.5 Cross sections; ; 2.5.1 Interpolating power laws; 2.6 Elastic scattering from free electrons; ; 2.7 Elastic scattering from electron distributions; ; 2.8 Elastic scattering from atoms with no excitation; ; 2.9 Elastic scattering from crystals
2.10 Fourier transform of the lattice; 2.11 Compton scattering from free electrons; 2.12 Inelastic scattering from atoms; ; ; 2.13 Core-hole lifetime; ; 3 Experimental; 3.1 Requirements for XAFS experiments; ; ; 3.1.1 Experimental modes; 3.1.2 Dispersive and time-resolved XAFS; 3.2 X-ray sources; ; 3.3 Synchrotron radiation; ; 3.3.1 Flux and brilliance; 3.3.2 Storage rings; 3.3.3 Bend magnet radiation; 3.3.4 Insertion devices; 3.3.5 Time structure; 3.3.6 Fourth-generation sources and free electron lasers; 3.4 Beamlines and optics; ; 3.4.1 Monochromators; 3.4.1.1 Heat load; 3.4.1.2 Detuning
3.4.1.3 Fixed exit monochromators3.4.1.4 Focussing conditions; 3.4.2 X-ray mirrors; 3.4.3 Multilayers; 3.5 X-ray detectors; ; 3.5.1 Ionization chambers; 3.5.2 Acquisition of data from ionization chambers; 3.5.3 Plateauing ion chambers; 3.5.4 Choosing fill gases; 3.5.5 Estimating fluxes from ion chamber currents; 3.5.6 Photodiode detectors for current mode; 3.5.7 Photomultipliers; 3.5.8 Solid angle; 3.5.9 Pulse-counting detectors and dead-time corrections; 3.5.10 Diffractive analyzers; 3.5.11 Fluorescence ionization chambers; 3.6 XAFS experiments; 3.6.1 Linearity and noise
3.6.2 Energy shifts3.6.3 Beam intensity leveling; 3.6.4 Bragg glitches; 3.6.5 Thickness effects; 3.6.6 Planning experiments; 3.6.7 Fluorescence and self-absorption; 3.6.8 Grazing incidence/glancing angle and reflectivity/ReflEXAFS; 3.7 Samples; ; 3.7.1 Sample cells; 3.7.2 Fluid samples; 3.7.3 Particulate samples; 3.7.4 Sedimentation; 3.7.5 Assembling and checking samples; 3.7.6 Polarized XAFS and magic angle spinning; 3.8 Data acquisition; 3.8.1 Scan setup; ; 3.8.2 k and E sampling; 4 Theory; 4.1 Introduction; ; ; 4.2 Transition rate; ; 4.2.1 Digression: optical spectra
4.2.2 Dipole approximation4.2.3 Orientation dependence; 4.2.4 Selection rules; 4.2.5 Symmetry; 4.2.6 Multiplets; 4.3 Band structure, molecular orbital, clusters; ; 4.3.1 Electron mean free path; 4.4 Multiple scattering expansion; ; 4.5 Outline of theoretical calculation; ; 4.5.1 Example: MnO; 4.5.2 Alternatives to path expansions; 4.6 EXAFS equation; ; 4.6.1 Configurational Average; 4.6.2 Thermal motion; 5 Data analysis; ; 5.1 XANES; ; 5.1.1 Qualitative interpretation of XANES; 5.1.2 Pre-edge transitions; 5.1.3 Edge shifts; 5.1.4 Linear combinations and PCA; 5.2 EXAFS
5.2.1 Qualitative interpretation of EXAFS
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