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Water on earth : physicochemical and biological properties / Christophe Lécuyer
Resource type: Ressourcentyp: Buch (Online)Book (Online)Language: English Series: Oceanography and marine biology series | FOCUS SeriesPublisher: London ; Hoboken, NJ : ISTE : John Wiley & Sons, 2014Edition: Online-AusgDescription: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (1 online resource (xii, 260 pages))) : illustrationsISBN:- 9781306203937
- 1306203937
- 9781118575321
- 9781848214774
- 546.2
- 551.48 23
- 546.22
- 628.1
- QD169.W3
- TD430
Contents:
Summary: The presence of water on Earth is discussed in this book using various theories about its origin as a basis. These theories include a massive degassing of the primitive parent bodies that built our planet as well as a late addition from comets that collided with the Earth's surface. The extraordinary physico-chemical properties of the water molecules, combined with its abundance and distribution over the Earth's surface, have contributed to regulating the global climate and favoring species' evolution for more than 4 billion years. The early emergence of life in the deep ocean and its further diversification were closely linked to the global water cycle whose dynamics result from the energy balance between solar radiation and the internal heat flux of the Earth. Chapter 1 of this book deals with the extraordinary physico-chemical properties of the water molecule while Chapter 2 provides insight on theories regarding the origin of water on Earth. In the third chapter, the author focuses on the chemical composition of the main water reservoirs of our planet. Chapters 4 and 5 discuss water's relationship with plate tectonics and life, respectively. The sixth and final chapter uses stable isotope tracking to look into the water cycle and past climates. Contents 1. Water: A Molecule Endowed with Extraordinary Physicochemical Properties. 2. Theories about the Origin of Water on Earth. 3. The Main Water Reservoirs on Earth and their Chemical Composition. 4. Water and Plate Tectonics. 5. Water and Life. 6. Stable Isotope Tracking: Water Cycles and Climates of the Past. About the Authors Christophe Lécuyer is Professor at University of Lyon 1 and Institut Universitaire de France. His current research interests include stable isotope studies of fossil meteoric or marine waters to reconstruct past water cycles and climates. The presence of water on Earth isSummary: Cover -- Title page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1. Water: A Molecule Endowed with Extraordinary Physicochemical Properties -- 1.1. Molecular geometry and electrical properties -- 1.2. Phase diagram -- 1.3. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen -- 1.4. Thermodynamic properties -- 1.4.1. Conduction of heat -- 1.5. Optical properties -- 1.5.1. Turbidity, ternary mixtures and the "Ouzo" effect -- 1.6. Underwater propagation of sound -- 1.7. Synthesis and electrolysis -- 1.8. Bibliography -- Chapter 2. Theories about the Origin of Water on Earth -- 2.1. The blue planet of the solar system -- 2.2. Comets -- 2.3. Carbonaceous chondrites and icy asteroids -- 2.4. Small magnitude evolution of the D/H ratio of the oceans -- 2.5. Chemical composition of the primordial Earth's oceans -- 2.5.1. The early huge "greenhouse effect -- 2.5.2. pH and redox state of the primordial Earth's oceans -- 2.5.3. Archean ultramafic rocks: a trap for carbon dioxide -- 2.5.4. The salinity of the primordial Earth's oceans -- 2.6. Bibliography -- Chapter 3. The Main Water Reservoirs on Earth and their Chemical Composition -- 3.1. Masses of water reservoirs -- 3.1.1. Ice caps -- 3.1.2. Groundwaters -- 3.1.3. Rivers -- 3.1.4. Lakes -- 3.1.5. Brackish waters -- 3.1.6. Oceans -- 3.1.7. Salinity -- 3.1.8. The definition of water masses -- 3.1.9. The wind-driven surface ocean circulation -- 3.1.10. Thermohaline circulation: the global ocean conveyor -- 3.2. The superficial hydrological cycle, water fluxes and residence times -- 3.3. Chemical composition of rivers -- 3.4. Ocean chemical composition -- 3.4.1. Dissolved salts -- 3.4.2. Dissolved gases -- 3.4.3. Variations of dissolved O2 and CO2 with oceanic depth -- 3.4.4. Brief concept of alkalinity -- 3.4.5. The oceanic carbon pump and the pH of seawater -- 3.5. Chemical composition of rainfall.PPN: PPN: 807206326Package identifier: Produktsigel: ZDB-26-MYL | ZDB-30-PAD | ZDB-30-PQE
Cover; Title page; Table of Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; Chapter 1. Water: A Molecule Endowed with Extraordinary Physicochemical Properties; 1.1. Molecular geometry and electrical properties; 1.2. Phase diagram; 1.3. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen; 1.4. Thermodynamic properties; 1.4.1. Conduction of heat; 1.5. Optical properties; 1.5.1. Turbidity, ternary mixtures and the ""Ouzo"" effect; 1.6. Underwater propagation of sound; 1.7. Synthesis and electrolysis; 1.8. Bibliography; Chapter 2. Theories about the Origin of Water on Earth; 2.1. The blue planet of the solar system
2.2. Comets2.3. Carbonaceous chondrites and icy asteroids; 2.4. Small magnitude evolution of the D/H ratio of the oceans; 2.5. Chemical composition of the primordial Earth's oceans; 2.5.1. The early huge ""greenhouse effect""; 2.5.2. pH and redox state of the primordial Earth's oceans; 2.5.3. Archean ultramafic rocks: a trap for carbon dioxide; 2.5.4. The salinity of the primordial Earth's oceans; 2.6. Bibliography; Chapter 3. The Main Water Reservoirs on Earth and their Chemical Composition; 3.1. Masses of water reservoirs; 3.1.1. Ice caps; 3.1.2. Groundwaters; 3.1.3. Rivers; 3.1.4. Lakes
3.1.5. Brackish waters3.1.6. Oceans; 3.1.7. Salinity; 3.1.8. The definition of water masses; 3.1.9. The wind-driven surface ocean circulation; 3.1.10. Thermohaline circulation: the global ocean conveyor; 3.2. The superficial hydrological cycle, water fluxes and residence times; 3.3. Chemical composition of rivers; 3.4. Ocean chemical composition; 3.4.1. Dissolved salts; 3.4.2. Dissolved gases; 3.4.3. Variations of dissolved O2 and CO2 with oceanic depth; 3.4.4. Brief concept of alkalinity; 3.4.5. The oceanic carbon pump and the pH of seawater; 3.5. Chemical composition of rainfall
3.6. Why are oceans salty?3.7. Hypersaline waters; 3.7.1. The Dead Sea; 3.7.2. Mono Lake, USA; 3.8. Geothermal waters and the ""petrifying springs""; 3.9. Bibliography; Chapter 4. Water and Plate Tectonics; 4.1. A brief introduction to the theory of ""plate tectonics""; 4.2. Catastrophic events related to global tectonics: tsunamis; 4.3. Oceanic hydrothermal activity; 4.4. Water in the Earth's mantle; 4.4.1. Water in nominally anhydrous minerals; 4.4.2. IR spectroscopy or how to see water traces in mantle minerals; 4.5. Subduction and volcanic activity; 4.6. Continental growth and recycling
4.7. BibliographyChapter 5. Water and Life; 5.1. Cell functioning and metabolic activity; 5.1.1. Human body water, blood and pH; 5.1.2. Cell functioning; 5.1.3. Body water balance; 5.1.4. Body heat balance; 5.2. Adaptation and readaptation of tetrapods to the aquatic environment; 5.3. Biodiversity in the aquatic environment; 5.3.1. Freshwater biodiversity; 5.3.2. Marine biodiversity; 5.4. Bibliography; Chapter 6. Stable Isotope Tracking: Water Cycles and Climates of the Past; 6.1. Principles of stable isotope fractionation between substances
6.1.1. Quantum mechanics and isotopic fractionation
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