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Benford's law : applications for forensic accounting, auditing, and fraud detection / Mark J. Nigrini

By: Resource type: Ressourcentyp: Buch (Online)Book (Online)Language: English Series: Wiley corporate F&A | Wiley corporate F & A | Wiley Corporate F&a Ser ; v.615Publisher: Hoboken, N.J : John Wiley & Sons, c2012Edition: Online-AusgDescription: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (xx, 330 p. :bill.))ISBN:
  • 9781280592041
  • 1280592044
  • 9781118286869
Subject(s): Additional physical formats: 1118152859 | 9781118286869 | 9781118152850 | 1280592001 | Erscheint auch als: Benford's law. Druck-Ausgabe Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley, 2012 | Erscheint auch als: Benford's law. Druck-Ausgabe Hoboken, N.J. [u.a.] : Wiley, 2012. XX, 330 S.DDC classification:
  • 363.25963
  • 363.25/963 23
  • BUS001000
RVK: RVK: QQ 530LOC classification:
  • HV6691
Online resources: Summary: A powerful new tool for all forensic accountants, or anyone who analyzes data that may have been altered Benford's Law gives the expected patterns of the digits in the numbers in tabulated data such as town and city populations or Madoff's fictitious portfolio returns. Those digits, in unaltered data, will not occur in equal proportions; there is a large bias towards the lower digits, so much so that nearly one-half of all numbers are expected to start with the digits 1 or 2. These patterns were originally discovered by physicist Frank Benford in the early 1930s, and have since been found to apply to all tabulated data. Mark J. Nigrini has been a pioneer in applying Benford's Law to auditing and forensic accounting, even before his groundbreaking 1999 Journal of Accountancy article introducing this useful tool to the accounting world. In Benford's Law, Nigrini shows the widespread applicability of Benford's Law and its practical uses to detect fraud, errors, and other anomalies. Explores primary, associated, and advanced tests, all described with data sets that include corporate payments data and election data Includes ten fraud detection studies, including vendor fraud, payroll fraud, due diligence when purchasing a business, and tax evasion Covers financial statement fraud, with data from Enron, AIG, and companies that were the target of hedge fund short sales Looks at how to detect Ponzi schemes, including data on Madoff, Waxenberg, and more Examines many other applications, from the Clinton tax returns and the charitable gifts of Lehman Brothers to tax evasion and number invention Benford's Law has 250 figures and uses 50 interesting authentic and fraudulent real-world data sets to explain both theory and practice, and concludes with an agenda and directions for future research. The companion website adds additional information and resources.Summary: BENFORD'S LAW: Applications for Forensic Accounting, Auditing, and Fraud Detection -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the Author -- Chapter 1: Introduction and Mathematical Foundations -- Benford's Expected Digit Frequencies -- Defining the First and First-Two Digits -- Digit Patterns of U.S. Census Data -- Logging on to Benford's Law -- General Significant Digit Law -- Log and Behold, the Census Data -- Love at First Sight -- Mantissa Test and Census Data -- Number of Records and Benford's Law Tests -- When Should Data Conform to Benford's Law? -- Conclusions -- Chapter 2: Theorems, Truisms, and a Little Trivia -- Digits of Corporate Payments Data -- Digits of Lake Data -- Scale Invariance Theorem -- Mean Absolute Deviation -- Scale Invariance and Census Data -- Scale Invariance and Corporate Payments -- Scale Invariance and Lake Data -- A Level Playing Field Becomes Benford -- Multiplication by 1/X -- All Distributions Lead to Benford -- Getting a Gripf on Benford and Zipf -- Conclusions -- Chapter 3: More Formulas and Facts, and a Little Fibonacci -- Fibonacci Numbers -- Lucas Numbers -- Back to Square One -- 3n + 1 Problem -- Ultimate Uniform Distribution -- Benford Embraces Other Bases -- Nigrini's Second Last Theorem -- Conclusions -- Chapter 4: Primary Benford's Law Tests -- Corporate Payments Data -- Data Profile -- First Come, First Served -- Playing Second Fiddle -- First-Two Digits Test -- Running the Digit Tests in Excel -- Running the Digit Tests in Access -- Conclusions -- Chapter 5: Advanced Benford's Law Tests -- Summation Test -- Running the Summation Test in Excel -- Running the Summation Test in Access -- Second-Order Test -- An Analysis of Payments Data -- An Analysis of Journal Entry Data -- An Analysis of Census Data -- Running the Second-Order Test in Excel -- Excel, Thanks a Million(s).PPN: PPN: 809672200Package identifier: Produktsigel: ZDB-26-MYL | ZDB-30-PAD | ZDB-30-PQE | ZDB-38-EBR
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