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World Development Report 2012 : Gender Equality and Development
Mitwirkende(r): Resource type: Ressourcentyp: Buch (Online)Buch (Online)Sprache: Englisch Verlag: Washington : World Bank Publications, 2011Beschreibung: Online-Ressource (426 p)ISBN:- 9780821388129
- 9780821388105
- 9780821388105
- 320
- JA66
Inhalte:
Zusammenfassung: The WDR 2012: Gender Equality and Development will focus on the evolution of gender equality across the world in the context of the development process. The report will consider gender equality as a core development goal in itself, and will argue that gender equality matters for the pace of development. Improvements in gender equality can generate gains in economic efficiency and improvements in other development outcomes. And gender equality has consequences for the quality and representativeness of the institutions a society develops. For key dimensions of gender equality, the report will show that although many women around the world still continue to struggle with gender-based disadvantages, much has changed for the better and at a more rapid pace than ever before. But the report will also show that progress needs to be expanded, protected and deepened. In order to understand why progress has varied across dimensions of gender equality and between countries, the report will look at how markets interact with formal and informal institutions to influence household decision-making by providing incentives, shaping preferences, or imposing constraints. Markets and institutions can combine to provide strong incentives for greater gender equality, but can also fail to do so if they treat males and females differentially. Policymakers and practitioners still face gaps in knowledge both in how gender equality matters for development and how best to incorporate these links in policy design. This WDR aims to bridge these gaps by building upon the growing body of multidisciplinary theory, evidence, and data on these links while highlighting the knowledge gaps that remainPPN: PPN: 834957523Package identifier: Produktsigel: ZDB-110-WBL | ZDB-1-WBA | ZDB-110-WBO
Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations and data notes; Main messages; Overview; Why does gender equality matter for development?; Boxes; 1 What do we mean by gender equality?; 2 The Millennium Development Goals recognize the intrinsic and instrumental value of gender equality; What does this Report do?; 3 How women and men define gender in the 21st century; Where has there been the most progress in gender equality?; 4 What do we mean by markets, formal institutions, and informal social institutions?; Figures
1 Gender outcomes result from interactions between households, markets, and institutions2 Across the world, women are having fewer children; 3 Gender parity in enrollments at lower levels has been achieved in much of the world, but tertiary enrollments are very low and favor women; 4 Using the framework to explain progress in education; 5 Female labor force participation has increased over time at all income levels; Where have gender inequalities persisted and why?; 6 Low-income countries lag behind in realizing progress in female school enrollment
7 Female disadvantage within countries is more marked at low incomesTables; 1 Almost 4 million missing women each year; 8 Women and men work in different sectors; Maps; 1 Earnings gaps between women and men; 9 Explaining persistent segregation and earnings gaps; 10 Across the world, women spend more hours per day on care and housework than men; 11 Gender differences in agricultural productivity disappear when access to and use of productive inputs are taken into account; What is to be done?; 5 Reducing maternal mortality-What works? Look at Malaysia and Sri Lanka
6 Catalyzing female employment in Jordan7 Intervening early to overcome future labor market failures-The Adolescent Girls Initiative; The political economy of reforms for gender equality; A global agenda for greater gender equality; Notes; 2 The agenda for global action at a glance; References; Introduction: A guide to the Report; Gender equality and development: Why do the links matter?; What does this Report do?; 0.1 Problems with estimating the effect of gender equality on growth; B0.1 GDP per capita and gender equality are positively correlated; Navigating this Report: A roadmap
0.1 Economies where qualitative assessments were conductedNotes; References; Part I Taking stock of gender equality; 1 A wave of progress; Times are changing?; Rising global consensus for women's rights; 1.1 Gender and the Millennium Development Goals; Better outcomes for women in many domains; 1.1 Gender parity in enrollments at lower levels has been achieved in much of the world, and tertiary enrollments now favor women; 1.2 Gender explains little of the inequality in education participation for children 12-15 years old; 1.3 Women are living longer than men
1.4 What took the United States 100 years took India 40 and the Islamic Republic of Iran 10
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