Radiation thermometry : fundamentals and applications in the petrochemical industry / Peter Saunders

By:

Saunders, Peter [aut]

Contributor(s):

Resource type: Ressourcentyp: Buch (Online)Book (Online)Language: English Series: Tutorial texts in optical engineering ; 78Publisher: Bellingham, Wash. <1000 20th St. Bellingham WA 98225-6705 USA> : SPIE, 2007Description: 1 online resource (xii, 160 p. : ill.)ISBN:

9780819481153
0819467839
9780819467836

Subject(s):

Additional physical formats: 0819467839. | 9780819467836. | Erscheint auch als: No title Druck-AusgabeDDC classification:

665.53
665.5/3 22

LOC classification:

QC277

DOI: DOI: 10.1117/3.741687Online resources:

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Additional physical formats: Also available in print version.Summary: This tutorial text provides an introduction to the subject of radiation thermometry, focusing on sources of measurement error and giving advice on methods for minimizing or eliminating these errors. Topics covered include: blackbody radiation, emissivity, reflection errors, and atmospheric absorption and emission; commonly used radiation thermometer types; uncertainty calculation; and procedures for in-house calibration of radiation thermometers. Included is a chapter containing detailed measurement examples for a variety of furnace types and operating conditions found in the methanol, ammonia, and refining industriesSummary: Chapter 4. Errors in spectral-band thermometry -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Emissivity errors. 4.2.1. Emissivity versus surface finish; 4.2.2. Emissivity versus wavelength; 4.2.3. Emissivity versus angle; 4.2.4. Measuring emissivity; 4.2.5. Temperature error due to emissivity error -- 4.3. Reflection errors. 4.3.1. The measurement equation; 4.3.2. Strategy 1 (Tw << Ts); 4.3.3. Strategy 2; 4.3.4. Strategy 3 (Tw >> Ts); 4.3.5. Reflection error nomograms; 4.3.6. Multiple tubes; 4.3.7. Effective background temperature; 4.3.8. Calculating the geometric view factors -- 4.4. Absorption and emission errors. 4.4.1. Effective absorption coefficient; 4.4.2. Analogy with reflection errors; 4.4.3. Correcting absorption and emission errors; 4.4.4. Multiple corrections -- 4.5. Errors due to flames -- 4.6. Scattering errors -- 4.7. Viewing through windows -- 4.8. Size-of-source effect. 4.8.1. Scattering; 4.8.2. Poor focus and diffraction; 4.8.3. Misalignment -- 4.9. Vignetting -- 4.10. Ambient temperature dependence -- 4.11. Signal Linearization -- Chapter 5. Measurement uncertainty -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. The meaning of uncertainty -- 5.3. Combining and propagating uncertainties. 5.3.1. Combining uncertainties; 5.3.2. Propagating uncertainties -- 5.4. Uncertainty in the corrected temperature. 5.4.1. Target temperature uncertainty; 5.4.2. Emissivity uncertainty; 5.4.3. Effective background temperature uncertainty; 5.4.4. Combined uncertainty; 5.4.5. Optimum wavelengthSummary: Chapter 6. Calibration of radiation thermometers -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Blackbody cavities. 6.2.1. Effective emissivity; 6.2.2. Temperature uniformity -- 6.3. Calibration methods. 6.3.1. Calibration procedure; 6.3.2. Calibration example -- Chapter 7. Worked examples -- 7.1. Introduction. 7.1.1. Measurement procedure; 7.1.2. Data analysis procedure -- 7.2. Top-fired multi-row box furnaces. 7.2.1. Measurements; 7.2.2. Analysis -- 7.3. Side-fired single-row furnaces. 7.3.1. Measurements; 7.3.2. Analysis -- 7.4. Floor-fired cubic furnaces. 7.4.1. Measurements; 7.4.2. Analysis -- 7.5. Floor-fired cylindrical furnaces. 7.5.1. Measurements; 7.5.2. Analysis -- 7.6. Furnaces with horizontal tubes. 7.6.1. Measurements; 7.6.2. Analysis -- References -- Appendix. Reflection error nomograms -- IndexSummary: Preface -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- 1.1. The importance of temperature measurement -- 1.2. Why use radiation thermometry? -- Chapter 2. Radiation thermometry principles -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Heat transfer. 2.2.1. Conduction; 2.2.2. Convection; 2.2.3. Radiation; 2.2.4. Combined effects -- 2.3. Blackbody radiation. 2.3.1. Planck's law; 2.3.2. Wien's displacement law; 2.3.3. Approximations to Planck's law; 2.3.4. Total radiation and the Stefan-Boltzmann law -- 2.4. Emissivity -- 2.5. Reflected radiation. 2.5.1. Bi-directional reflectance -- 2.6. Absorption, emission, and scattering of radiation -- Chapter 3. Radiation thermometers -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Spectral-band thermometers. 3.2.1. Spectral responsivity; 3.2.2. Output signal; 3.2.3. Monochromatic approximation; 3.2.4. Radiance temperature; 3.2.5. Instrumental emissivity -- 3.3. The gold-cup pyrometer -- 3.4. Thermal imagers -- 3.5. The laser pyrometer -- 3.6. Ratio thermometers -- 3.7. Multi-wavelength thermometersPPN: PPN: 1018189866Package identifier: Produktsigel: ZDB-50-SPI

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